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UNIX Basic Commands

IPv6

 

IPng

 

with dual stack nodes

IPng (Internet Protocol next generation)  IPv6 includes important changes to security handling, auto configuration, efficiency of routing and handling of mobile users.

NO MORE BROADCASTS! In IPv6, broadcast is replaced with a multicast.- thanks to new ScopeField. Nodes must announce that they wish to receive multicast traffic bound for a particular broadcast address. p584
IPv^Multicast address format:

8

4

4

112 bits

11111111 FLAGS SCOPE GROUP ID


IPV6 May be viewed as a  string that uniquely identifies on single network interface on the global Internet.  Alternately, that address can understood as an address with  network and host portions. How much of the address belongs to either portion depends on who's looking at it, where they are located in relation to the host with that address.
Uses a colon as a separator, instead of the period

Has six groupings of numbers compared to four for IPv4 (128 bits long) (more than 20 orders of magnitude over IPv4)

Each grouping is an eight bit number

The eight bits are made up of two, four-bit “nibbles”

Each group is a hexadecimal number between 0000 and FFFF

Leading zeros can be dropped from a group, so 00CF becomes simply CF

Use a pair of colons (::) to represent a string of consecutive 16-bit groups with a value of zero

The unspecified address (all zeros) can never be used, nor can an address that contains all ones

IPv6 offers an immense amount of additional IP addresses

Example: 1234:5678:90AB:CDEF:5555:6666
·       
IPv6 addresses consist of eight octets of 4 hexadecimal numbers. These numbers can have values ranging from 0000 to FFFF, and each set is delimited by a colon (:). Just like IPv4 addresses, no IPv6 address may contain all zeros or all F’s.

 


Nodes that need to tunnel IPv6 packets through IPv4 routers use the IPv4-compatable address, called
dual stack nodes.  They understand both IPc4 and IPv6. (IPv6 nodes that need to communicate with IPv4 nodes that do not understand IPv6, all use the IPv4-mapped address)

SCOPE IDENTIFIER:
  Multicast addresses  use a 4-bit scope identifier, which is a 4-bit field that limits the valid range for a multicast address to define the portion of the Internet over which the multicast group is valid. p581-2

INTERFACE IDENTIFIERS (RFC 3041): Follow the EUI-64  format.  p581 following table Global/local and individual/group bits in IPv6

Bit 6 Bit 7 Meaning
0 0 Locally unique, individual
0 1 locally unique, group
1 0 Globally unique, individual
1 1 Globally unique, group